This time distribution is unknown during estimation. At first, wrap you Jira Issues macro in the Table Toolbox macro. I am calling. If the team is using story points for estimation, then capacity is based on team velocity, and would then be measured against the duration of the sprint. Roadmaps. Here I wrap manually created table, but it is just for an example - we don't use story points in our Jira. It does make sense and can be very helpful to visualizing and understanding the trend and developing gaps. When we estimate with story points, we assign a point value to each item. Here, you will see the issue types associated with the field. It’s a hybrid technique to task estimations that should not be used in most cases. Story points differ from estimating in hours as it takes in additional work such as meetings/sending emails etc. Engineers typically use story points to measure the complexity of a story. day5=4 points. Therefore New Feature A would have 3 stories with a total story point count of 15 story points. Tasks: Tasks are single to-dos and problems, which should be done and solved before going live with the new Jira instance. day1=4 points. Calculating team velocity and planning project schedule . Here is our live demo dashboard where you can see and modify any sample report and play with its chart. Our finance team needs to create a report based on the number of time each developer has spent per project per given time. ここにかかる工数をストーリーポイントで見積もって下さい。. ComponentAccessor import com. the complexity of the product’s features. Click Projects in the navigation bar and select the relevant project. 2 answers. EX: We may plan 5 o 8 story points, but we realise we will not use in case of Invalid,Won't fix/Rejected,Duplicate. If it’s absent, follow guide for custom field in Jira. 1. There are no hard and fast rules as to how big a story point should be. Story Points. #IWish @JIRA would let me story point my sub-tasks and roll up the points. Story points. and you would need to aggregate the issue data from the field to the. After the sprint has started, any stories added to the sprint, or any changes made to. You can do this easily with VisualScript for Jira. Can we log work in story points? NealPorter Apr 03, 2018. Just create a sumUp rule for the Story points custom field, add a sumUp gadget (some info on the available gadgets) to your dashboard (Two dimensional or Filter for example) and group by status. For story points, you will use the average velocity of the last 3 (or 6 or. To replicate this in Jira, do the following:Is there a way in Jira to automatically set the story point value in the Story Points field if you enter hours somewhere. At the right side of the search bar, select "list view". Use the Estimation Statistic dropdown to change how issues are estimated on your board. Our users are asking for the ability of Jira gadgets to support showing data in terms of story points instead of issue counts. By default, the Story Points field is only available to issues of type 'Story' or 'Epic' (not 'Bugs' etc). But, if you’re using story points to estimate, only count points completed for the piece of work when it is completely finished in the next Sprint. ' more menu and select 'Configure'. The smallest tasks are estimated at 1 point and then other tasks are weighed and estimated in accordance with that task. 2 accepted. In the right rail, there appears to be a limit to the number of fields that can be displayed. {{issue. They may both take the same amount of time to complete the work item. Stories and Tasks belonging to the same epic, are sometimes linked or co-dependent. Hint: If you are new to story points, please take a look at The relative side of Agile: using story points for. Thanks, Siva. Story points can help prevent teams from burning out at work. This video is not about the theory of using Story Points. The consequence is twofold. Leo Jan 29, 2021. Typically, numbers from the Fibonacci sequence (1, 2, 3, 5, 8,…) are used for this purpose. Select story points or the time estimates or another numeric thing, set it in the board configuration and work with it. Any numeric custom field in your Jira system. Discuss the scope and effort of each story as a team, then compare everyone’s. Find out why story points are better than hours, how to configure estimation and tracking, and how to use the Remaining Estimate and Time Spent fields to track time and velocity. The story points field now returned. Change to "Story points" for an issue not reflected in backlog. if you want to view them in the backlog then - board settings > card layout and add story points (limit of 3 fields) if you don't have the SP field displayed then ensure you have it set under Estimation as @KAGITHALA BABU ANVESH indicates. If you can find Story points field in the Hidden fields drag and drop it to the view to enable it. We're managing several projects in a single sprint. 1) Create JQL filter returning issues you would like to sum. menu on the right side select "Customize". Harness the endless potential of AI withDelibr AI. When using this add-on, just add a custom "story points" column to your report grid and later export the data to build charts. Step 1. Whether you are just starting or you have already done. edit issue fields: setting the story points to { {lookupIssues. Story Points, Issue Count) will be used for estimating and tracking issues. On the field, click on the 3 dots and then 'Contexts and default Value. For example: If parent issue had 2 story points and sub task had 1 story point and I need sum up both 2+1=3 on Parent. Click Epics panel. ( Task / Bug / Story ) and that screen doesn't have a "Story Point" field. Click Epics panel. To further optimize workflow efficiency, teams can leverage recurring checklists and reporting within Jira. However, I have issues in the backlog that have original time estimate value assigned to them that I want to switch to story points. . jira. Perfect for high-level estimation. We use a tool called Planning Poker to assign points to a story based on effort, uncertainty, and risk. Relating to two pre-set values will make it easier for team members to make estimates. Story Points. We are currently estimating our work on a sub-task level by using story points. Scrum story points are a subset of Jira story points. What may be tripping up your team is that they may be equating a story. Under the heading "Default Configuration Scheme for Story Points" select "Edit. The main difference between this field and the field "Story points" is that the "Story points" field (a field which belongs to the "classic" projects) allows you to edit its context, while "Story Point. Agile stakeholders learn a lot when, after a sprint, they examine the delta between "actual" and. From your company-managed board, select more ( •••) in the upper right corner of the board > Board settings. This method of measurement helps the team understand the workload per sprint from seeing the story points in the backlog. The modules do a great job of aggregating stories and epics. Each story point is assigned a number from the Fibonacci scale. In Choose project type > click Select team-managed. My intention - to sum up Story Points of all stories and tasks under each Epic and present value within the Epic itself - for all the Epics in the Project (around 1K Epics). Hi @Kevin Dukovic. The tool calculates the total capacity based on the sum of story points of all issues, including Epics and their child tickets. You can use Time in Status for Jira Cloud to generate reports on the number of times a story points have been completed over a certain period of time. Hi There: Thanks for the continued support from the . Hi @Glory Mercy . The important point here is you then need two estimation points. The same is true for your work management, where the completion of related stories leads to the completion of an epic. Jira is a good tool for managing the product backlog of work items for the development team. I have been following the standard guidance of only putting story points at the task/story level and not at the sub-task level. editable set on the status Closed so no more editing can. Close the tool. A few Sprints later, they estimate a similar user story and compare it to a past item they have previously estimated for 5 points. Two very common ones are: Ideal days (or similar time-based estimates) Story points. Select Story points field > Contexts. 規劃會議怎麼進行Story Point評分？ 說了分數的用意後，接著就要來說說，到底規劃會議要怎麼評出Story Point。以及它的原則與細節又是什麼。 In the meantime, you can see total number of story points on an epic by following these steps: From your board, click Backlog. ; Check your Custom field Configuration context (Jira Settings > Issues > Custom field) for Story. In fact, Story Points are also there to tell you that your "70%/80% of the sprint is complete" is a going. The above points would have definitely helped answer your question about what is story points in jira. condition: epic link is not empty. Without an estimate, it is impossible to forecast completion for a backlog. We split user stories into front- and backend sub-tasks. component. Generally, scrum story points are helpful to estimate a given backlog item’s size and effort involved during its prioritization meeting. See the configuration of the gadgets and the final result on server below: If you have further. - Find the Story Points field > Click on Configure. How To Add Story Points To The Issue - Jira BasicsHey Guys, Anatoly here! Are you stuck with your JIRA ? Lets sit down for an hour or two, so I can unblock. number of story points by status Pierre Oosthuizen May 12, 2022 Trying to get a cross tab of story. In JIRA we will use story points for PB items and the dev team will keep hours to estimate sub-tasks, the burdow will track their work using story points. Hello, I have different projects in my jira account, and I am using a global board to manage the sprints and the backlog for these projects. Under FIELDS, select Custom Fields. The obvious way to do this is SP-dev and SP-test. sum}}. Yes because you can put whatever estimates you like on your issues. Select Create, edit or delete contexts > Edit context. Create another rule to report on changes: Trigger the rule on a schedule. If there are no sub-tasks, then we add the user stories to the story itself. Associate the Story Points field with other issue types, see custom field context (Jira Admin documentation). For more information on global permissions, see Managing global permissions. Jira is supposed to be a tool to manage SDLC, story points/capacity are a critical piece of SDLC and the ability to forecast the ability to deliver. 4. eazyBI imports all the story points history and allows seeing the changes and story points at any time in history. Agile tools like Jira Software track story points, which makes reflecting on and recalibrating estimates easier. If the unfinished work will be completed in the next Sprint, leave it untouched. The purpose of a user story is to articulate how a piece of work will deliver a particular value back to the customer. The practice can be used with all the levels and will come with practice. The reason the team applies it is to make all the estimation easier for the client. In order to do this, I have to follow these steps: Step 1: Find how many items were completed within the Sprint ( Achieved) This is also your Sprint Velocity. 1 answer. Try to pull up the last 5 user stories the team delivered with the story point value 8. Enter story points in Jira—a method used by teams globally to estimate the effort behind each user story, transcending mere time measures. Issue dates. Select the Jira icon > Jira settings > Issues. Scrum story points are a subset of Jira story points. Khi làm task ta chỉ cần 90% để tạo ra những dòng code, còn 10% còn tại thì dành cho việc fix bug, fix issue, tìm lỗi, cover logic,. Furthermore, if the Epic has a story point value it is erased when this. How to measure the story points in JIRA: Add story points to each story in order to: Measure the complexity and/or size of a requirement. If you've got two different teams, a combined SP value is useless to you. Story Point. It is just a matter of making sure the story point field is available on the screens you use for tasks in Jira. Lauma Cīrule. I want to over write those w/ story points, any idea if/how this can be done?eazyBI app for Jira allows tracking the story point changes. I give an example for more clarity. Add daily working hours to each story in order to: Measure team velocity (the amount of effort the team made)You can find below the automation rule, I did the same for both stories and tasks with different variations - together, separately etc. This field belongs to the project template "Next-Gen" (also known as Agility). Learn more about estimation. In Jira we have only one story points field,so when we estimate planned story points we will enter,but while closing actual spent sometimes it may change based on the Resolution of Jira's. Instead of manually estimating every issue in a backlog, which may span months into the future, this capability uses basic information to project a completion date. First in the Choose fields to set, uncheck Story points (this is technically the wrong field) Then at the bottom of the page, scroll down to More options, In more options, manually set the field using json like so: { "fields": { "Story Point Estimate": 57 } } Save/publish run. Story Points are generally assigned on a scale of one (lowest) to five (highest), with each number representing an arbitrary measure of difficulty. Issue // The issue type for which. You may create such a report combining "Issue" dimension Epics and "Assignee" together with measures "Story points. From the Mock 5 issue, the total Story Points used is 12, as shown below:-When the script is executed on the Script Console, it will sum up all the Story Points from all the issues currently in the Sprint. The truth is, though, that the relationship, while real, is not quite that easy to. No, absolutely not. Story points are an arbitrary “local currency”. So in that scenario we may need to reduce. Seeing point estimations in your customer’s journey provides product teams and stakeholders a user-focused view of prioritization. You could use this smart value in the Edit issue action, comments, Slack messages, etc. i solved this Problem. Identify the workload. To do so: Go to Settings ( ) > Issues > Custom fields. You can also create a matrix to visualize your story points. Story points are used to roughly score similarly difficult stories with the same number. I hope this helps to answer your question. Technically, it is perfectly possible to allow for tasks to be estimated in story points. . If commitments often change during the sprint, you should look for a cause. 3 - Click on Edit configuration and change the applicable issues to the field. The field "Story Point Estimate" is a JIra default field. Stack Exchange Network Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Enable the Estimation feature. By translating Story Points to hours, you stop benefiting from the speed of relative estimation. 7. How to show Percent Complete of Stories. I'm afraid all I can circle back to is that sub-task estimates should feed into your sprint estimates, not be actual sprint estimates. The value of the story points assigned to each user story depends on the team, the tasks, and how the developers perceive the potential risks. Background: A well known best practice in Agile/Scrum is to examine story point sizing upon conclusion of a sprint. Team members will typically gather around to form a circle. On the one hand, the estimate for a base item increases. You will see total story points for all tickets in the selected epic that are in the same Jira project as the epic. Equipes atribuem pontos de história em relação à complexidade de trabalho, à quantidade de trabalho e ao risco ou à. Story points are not estimates used for tracking anything outside the team's sprint. Example would be New Feature A has a "Relates To" link to Story A, B, and C. For Sub-tasks I created a screen "Screen Level -1" and there are field "Story point" which is Required. This will show the story points summarised per Status Category. But we can't figure out how to set an Initial Time Estimate of the Sub-Tasks. Story Points. After this process, the estimation sync should work between the tools for these work item types. Jira is a good tool for managing the product backlog of work items for the development team. But no, because you should only use one estimate metric for everything (and if you're being a bit scrum or kanban-like, the boards have to work with a single metric - Scrum can use any numeric value, but only one of them, and. They are currently using Time Reports and making developers manually log time they spent on each issue. Sprint Story Points commitment changes indicate the change in story point commitment. In Jira Software, you can measure work using story points, hours, or you can come up with your own statistic. In the right rail, there appears to be a limit to the number of. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Using Jira Automation, I would like to sum Story Points on all Tasks linked to a Story with link type = "split to", then update the Story Points on the Story with that. By using Epics, Stories and Tasks, Jira teams are able to record small and big successes throughout the year. where 'xxxxx' is the custom field id of 'Story Points'. The user story (or other issue type) has no story points if it has sub-tasks. Answer accepted. For each sprint, the velocity is the sum of the. If you’re not already there, navigate to your team-managed software project. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Pranjal Shukla Jul 05, 2018. Simple online planning poker app that will speed up estimation in remote planning sessions Get Started Now. In order to reindex a project, as a jira admin, you should : Visit the project. 2 - Add. If you go into the backlog view in Jira Cloud, even sprints that have not been started will still have an ellipsis box (. The story point approach based on original estimates can deliver the answers to these questions without the anxiety around 'accuracy' that teams feel when asked to estimate in hours. Story Points}} - Returns the issue's story point estimate (company-managed Jira Software Cloud only). . condition: issue type is not epic. First, enable the story points field if you can't find it in the Jira issue; Open Jira issue and click on the. The idea is simple enough. Yes it is possible. Story point estimate. Original time (minutes, hours, days or weeks) Issue count. Assuming that you are using jira cloud, here the step by step procedure to avoid your problem. If you add or remove issues. Select Any issue type to make the field available for all issue types. Teams in Jira Software commonly estimate issues in story points, then track progress on their board using hours. Go to the board configuration then choose Estimation in the vertical menu. Sum up story points and keep parent and subtask in sync . Story points represent an imaginary unit. Story Points. This will return an array of objects. Story Points are counted for the total points you have committed to achieve at the start and at any point during the sprint versus the total points you actually achieved at the end of the sprint. You don't commit to doing sub-tasks, you commit at the story level. . The sprint estimate is for measuring what you commit to vs what is delivered, not "actual". Under FIELDS, select Custom Fields. Notify of the change (email, comment, custom field, etc. Teknik tersebut menjadi tenar dan seliweran dalam penerapan Agile karena, salah satunya…Story points are used to estimate the items that can be assigned to sprints. This method of measurement helps the team understand the workload per sprint from seeing the story points in the backlog. Two story points, for example, equate to a work that will take 2-4 hours, whereas three story points go to issues that will take 4 to 8 hours, and so on. Learn how to use story points for issue estimation and tracking work on a. 1 answer 1 vote Nic Brough -Adaptavist- Community Leader Dec 09, 2021 You can do this by adjusting the fields available for the issue type. Planning poker is a simple card estimation game so we believe the tool should be. Examine and create structured teams: Get a realistic view of the team’s capacity and how much they can get done within their working hours. To choose a different sprint, click the sprint drop-down. thank you so much it worked perfectly. If you're wanting to Sum up the Total cost field from all linked issues it would just be changed to this: { {lookupIssues. The main difference between this field and the field "Story points" is that the "Story points" field (a field which belongs to the "classic" projects) allows you to edit its context, while "Story Point. The product owner will then bring a user story to the table. Generally, scrum story points are helpful to estimate a given backlog item’s size and effort involved during its prioritization meeting. Based on my knowledge of Jira Cloud, excluding story points from Epics in Advanced Roadmaps is not possible. We've recently released this feature on our app Custom Charts for Jira. In both options above, the relation between Epics and child. The sum of Story Points varies from 26 points to 30 points. There is not a built in method to query the changes on Story Points, though each change should be getting noted in the History for the issue, and is also shown in the Burndown Chart for changes within a single sprint. It’s all about how each work relates to each other. Thayne Munson Jun 25, 2021. In Jira, Epics, Stories, and Tasks are fundamental components used to manage projects and streamline workflows. That is, one-point items take from x to y hours. Advanced Roadmaps is now part of Jira Software Data Center. Tasks are finished weekly by the consultants. The custom field 'Story Points' is of type 'Number Field'. Anyway, I have been looking for a dashboard gadget that will track how many points are assigned to each team member, how many story points are verified complete, and how many remain. By estimating effort with. Other than that, you may export the closed stories to. A condition refines the rule so it won’t act too broadly. See full list on blog. Story Points. Story Points: custom field that is used to sum. Click Card Colors and change the Colors based on drop-down as desired. risks and uncertainties that might affect development. . Story points in Agile are abstract measurements that developers use instead of hours. I've used Jira in a couple of companies for software projects and never seen story points used only time estimates. 2 accepted. When I change the board configuration to story points the original time estimate is still preserved. Reply. Create . Los equipos asignan puntos de historia en función de. Hi @Glory Mercy . The way you can consistently get the story points of an issue is to first determine what custom field story points are on for that instance. Instead, they estimate the difficulty of the task. Story Points is an indispensable technique for performing an initial estimation. JIRA, our issues-tracking software, does not have story point field for Bug type issues (it's only for Storys and Epi. The Story points estimate field is reserved in the custom field view so that I cannot delete it, while the Story Points field is not. Answer accepted. For each sprint, the velocity is the sum of the Estimation Statistic for completed stories. Action: create variable (varTotalPoints) to sum up the story point total. However, it is important to keep a tight backlog with only relevant items, and user stories. Through this, how much effort is required and how much effort can be accomplished by the team in a given sprint can be predicted, measured and improved over time. Sadly, the. Many agile teams use story points as the unit to score their tasks. The Fibonacci Story Point system has been around for a while, but the recent adoption of agile practices has made it popular again. But story points Agile still has a very important role to play. A Story Point in Jira is a measure for estimating the complexity of tasks and issues. Viewing the Burndown Chart. JIRA Cloud Tutorial #27 – How to add Story Points in Jira. Learn how to plan and estimate stories in scrum teams using story points, a commonly used measure for estimating the size of an issue. Below the report, the sprint’s issues are listed based on their completion. Step 2: Select option context & default value. The estimation statistic is important because it's used to calculate team velocity. How many hours is 1 story point in Jira? Teams utilizing Agile project management software, such as Jira, measure relative effort through story points, which are not directly tied to specific hours. But the only issue is when a sub task is deleted it doesn't recalculate the story points and update the parent story. Understanding the Burnup Chart. Create a new Jira issue and select the appropriate project from the dropdown menu. user story is given 28 points for the seven days of sprint and every day assignee is completed as below. 0 unmodified (out-of-the-box). 2 - Find the Story Points field >. Please, confirm if that's the case. If the. In Jira Cloud - I could get the sum of story points of subtasks on the parent story successfully using Smart Value: { {issue. 参考までに東京駅から品川駅までの距離をストーリーポイント 2 と考えます。. since sprint story point can be calculated depending on resources involvement, time is taken to complete the task and complexity of the task. A user story is an informal, general explanation of a software feature written from the perspective of the end user or customer. Under ‘Completed Issues’, the ‘Story Points. Create a report based on story points completed for each developer per week. Story points do not have a time or duration associated with them; hence you cannot directly convert the story points to hours. With those two changes, I can provide story estimates in the same way as with a scrum board. When the project has been completed, the lines will meet. you can do something like this, if you have the Table Filter and Charts app for Confluence. Open a Jira issue. POKER. In Agile software projects, a story point (SP) is a team’s agreed amount of effort to do some work. We also need this - the option to view the CFD in terms of story points. 1. Hi Everyone, In this roundup we combine all the jira automation rules to sum up story points across different issue types. It allows for additional JQL in the parameters, and there you can define for the report to filter issues over the last 6 months. Rising Star. With this information in mind, please make sure you have added the correct field for your project screens (Story Point), removing the other one to avoid more confusion: 1 - Navigate to project > Project settings > Screens. The point of the estimate and the sprint metrics is that you commit to delivering a certain amount, and burn-down is a measure of what you've delivered against what you promised. All, At the start of a new sprint our sprint backlog is filled with user stories that include story points based on a default value for a specific task or more accurate points based on insight and knowledge. Hi, Stephen Wright , thanks for replying but it is too heavy gadget for this. While constraining your story points to a scale based on the Fibonacci sequence can help teams estimate efficiently, some teams prefer doing away with number-based estimation altogether. You do this by choosing an Estimation Statistic, then choosing to either use the same units for your Tracking Statistic or to use time-tracking. This field belongs to the project template "Next-Gen" (also known as Agility). We use a tool called Planning Poker to assign points to a story based on effort, uncertainty, and risk. Story points force teams to decide which items to prioritize, which to split. 3) Time in Status :- More than 7 types of Time in Status reports to track your issues. Both can be used to create project timelines, and both have their pros and cons. it is greatly appreciated. They are not even part of the Scrum Guide. I don't think you were wrong, this likely was being automatically populated. The point of the estimate and the sprint metrics is that you commit to delivering a certain amount, and burn-down is a measure of what you've delivered against what you promised. Please let me know if there's a solution in Jira for this and if others have faced similar challenges. Select the Jira icon > Jira settings > Issues. Jeff Sutherland, the co-author of the Scrum Guide. Please see Configure estimation and tracking for more details. In Jira Software, the Kanban project gives you an out-of-the-box workflow with Backlog, Selected for Development, In Progress, and Done. Click the cog icon -> system -> external system import, load the csv as before but you should see more options for field mapping. You do not have script runner behaviors in JIRA Cloud. It also subtly takes the focus off of swarming and puts attention toward a developer per story. These metrics will help you improve your planning in the long run. Assuming this is the only story in Sprint 1 the velocity for this developer according to JIRA will be: Sprint 1: 0 points; Sprint 2: 5 points; Issue:Normalized story points provide a method for getting to an agreed starting baseline for stories and velocity as follows: Give every developer-tester on the team eight points for a two-week iteration (one point for each ideal workday, subtracting two days for general overhead). For example, you can display the number of not estimated backlog items, or the sum remaining story points. Works for me. My rule runs without errors but the story point field in the Epic that should be updated is not being updated. 1 answer. Work Break-down Structure (WBS) – this gadget displays the issues from a filter in a hierarchical form of Epics > Stories > Sub-Tasks along with their current status. Jan 30, 2022. 99/Month - Training's at 🔔SUBSCRIBE to CHANNEL: h. Epics are oftentimes not part of one, but of many sprints. In the Create Sub-Task dialog you should. Action: lookup issues with JQL for issues in the epic. Jira Road Map: Shows which versions are due for release in a set period, as well as a summary of the progress made towards completing the issues in the versions. Avoiding analysis-paralysis during the effort estimation phase is important. How To Add Story Points To The Issue - Jira BasicsHey Guys, Anatoly here! Are you stuck with your JIRA ? Lets sit down for an hour or two, so I can unblock. Make sure the Story Points Field you are setting for Story Issue Type in on the screen (Issue layout) and field configuration as well. Complexity, uncertainty, and risk are factors that influence effort, but each alone is not enough to determine effort. And I could understand my situation for you. So, we read about using Story Points for estimation and then adding time-tracking. Any suggestions. The reason the team applies it is to make all the estimation easier for the client. Hi @Kate , As mentioned, this could be done using Jira apps. Community Leader. Find out why story points are better. Hi @ [deleted] - If your Story points of Stories sum up to Epic, then remove the Story points field from your Epic's edit and create screen which will make them read only. This lets the product owner add tasks to the backlog, and move them to "ready for development" once the task or user story is fully baked. To allow Tasks (or Bugs) to use Story Points open the three dot menu and select "Configure". You should click to the Story Points Custom Field and there add the Issue type "task". By measuring sprint velocity – the average number of completed points during previous sprints – and using that number as a limit for the next sprint, teams set a healthy and sustainable working rhythm. It adds a set of gadgets to Jira and one of them is the "Grouped Filter Results" gadget which should be a possible solution for the aforementioned use case. Action: lookup issues with JQL for open issues in the epic.